By Marwan Abusaslah - Oman 15/07/2010
The concept of moral value
Forefront of an important aspect of moral values in human life, and thus served a wide area of research scholars and those interested in aspects of the humanities and social history.
And to define the concept of values in a general sense we review the multiple perspectives, known as James Ferry values, "a set of criteria established by the society and the need for individuals," adds Robin Williams that "the concept of values includes several items related to feeling and emotion, and values with a direct impact on the behavior of individuals and their actions, but is in fact the motive behind all behavior "[1].According to Abdel-Latif Khalifa that the values are a reflection of the manner in which the thinking of individuals in a particular culture, and in certain period of time, as they are driving the behavior of individuals, and their judgments and attitudes in relation to what is desirable, or desirable for other forms of behavior in the light of what puts the community rules and standards "[2]
Values is a complex system includes provisions calendar positive or negative, are acceptable or unacceptable about things or acts, or even towards people, and values that reflect the aims of rights and self-interests and reflect the needs of the social and cultural rights, who lives in it, or who descended from him.
Heavenly religions, the purpose and existence of rights
Divine law is the message of God to man, which is based on the understanding that Allah did not create rights in vain did not leave in vain, but for very specific information, and therefore sent him the apostles and prophets, and revealed to them the books and laws, which show them what is required of them to achieve their end.
And compile these heavenly religions on a very basic position to achieve happiness of man in the world, and to succeed him in this world and thus achieve the succession of the Earth: "As the Lord said to the angels: I will create in the earth Khalifa"[3] came provisions to secure its interests, which brought benefits to him and payment of the injured were Vtrushdh to goodness, and guides to both the way and guide him to land and take his hand straight to the Guidance and reveal his true interests, and put his legal provisions to be the way and guide him on the trip.
Valhraia aimed to achieve the interests of the people in this world and the Hereafter, or in the immediate term and, he says: "and if it remained on the way to Osagenahm water in abundance," and explains Ezz Bin Abdulsalam mercy of Almighty God upon this idea: "I know that God does not prescribe any of its provisions but for the benefit of future or urgent gesture to the cult …, and not the effects of kindness and compassion, convenience and wisdom to instruct the slaves hardships without the benefit of urgent and futures, but invited them to all that bring them closer to him "[4], the interests of people in this world is all that the welfare and disabilities and the best for them and their happiness and comfort All that helps them avoid injury and damage, and the payment of corruption that sooner or later.
I have highlighted all religions as education and revelation of the heavenly down in power on the values of objects and actions, and to judge the values of the verb grow or at least some degree, arrange upon the reward or punishment, and God is glorified and exalted, of all people to comply with the orders of the prophets, God says: "What We sent a messenger but to be obeyed, God willing, "[5], discourse of God Almighty for His servants through His prophets-Faisal is to judge the good and the bad good and the ugly is permitted and forbidden.
He came every religion from God to be a life force, in fact, and followed by people in their activities is vital, not only to remain a mere emotional feeling centered in the conscience, not even just a ritual devotional guns and houses of worship, so is the Torah, God says: We have sent down the Torah in which guidance Nour and judged by the prophets who converted to Islam to those who are Jews and rabbis and rabbis, including Asthvzawa of the Book of Allah and they were martyrs "[6], and so is the Bible, God says: "The Agafina on Ouatharhm Jesus son of Mary, confirming the hands of the Torah and Ouatenah Gospel, therein was guidance and light and certified the hands of the Torah, a guidance and an admonition to the righteous[7].
Moral values from a religious perspective
The religious community finds its moral values, taking off from religious sources, which inherited through the core revision, and religious authorities, both the extended history or his contemporary, accounts for these sources system ad valorem multi-directional invoked and finds himself by his commitment, and the system of values as seen by the Abdul Latif Khalifa is "interrelated set of values that govern the behavior of the individual and his actions, and is often done without the awareness of the individual, in other words is a hierarchy of the set of values espoused by an individual or members of the community, and holds his or her behavior without consciousness"[8]
Vokhalaq rights in the eyes of the religious community simply are either invalid or evil, and on the basis of validity are not obtained as a result of reward or a punishment, and linked the religions of the fear of God and creation Quran to be the road to paradise through them, came the prophets generally achieve good manners, and thus have closer the relationship between the value of ethical and religious belief of the fact that religious beliefs in the foundation guidelines directly, and the fact that religious beliefs based in clarifying the terms of what is good or bad, and what is real or fake, and what is desirable or undesirable, because the person who invoked in his convictions of what is good and the ugly to the confiscation of religious makes the guidance to turn to, and represent the beliefs system ad valorem to see full and thus finds himself heading to perfect it, and then judged on the society of which, reside other than those starting points, and tried his society on the basis of which, it is important to study values in detail for each value and the framework for a holistic combines all of those values common framework to complete the picture in the mind of the adopter of the system of values, and thus become a rule to himself start right, and on those around him and then the combined small and large in this world, that is, on the other, which is the other, correctly as well.
Have shown the teachings of Islam in the form of a clear and demonstrated what connects this life in the Hereafter, etc. for this link would in the calendar acts and actions, and judging them, Valhassan, permissible and good as approved Shara and questioned the reward and the bad and the ugly and forbidden what goes against Islam and the consequent punishment in the Hereafter, Acts of the world are denominated by Ntihtha in the Hereafter, the value of things in terms of what will attain by means of good deeds or their values.
And also showed Christianity depth the link between the belief of rights and values system adopted is to build them, and shows that as a result of the practical behavior, man who adopted the religious values and represented, including that on his behavior and actions can not be the only person with good generous as God intended, "says Prophet Jesus peace: "So every good tree bringeth forth good fruit and the tree bears bad fruit good tree can not bring forth evil fruit nor a bad tree bring forth good fruit"[9]
The religious morality did not let an aspect of human life, spiritual or physical, mental, or emotional, individually or collectively only painted his approach optimal behavior high, what band people in the area of ethics on behalf of religion and on behalf of philosophy, on behalf of custom or society has combined with the moral law of religious Consistency, integration and increased it, and it must be noted here that the religious values Tnmaz for other values philosophical submitting through the form, and the practical application, prophets were God and prayers were regularly within the behaviors governed by the values that they called them, and therefore followers of these religions were not taking direction theory only, as far as they see it implemented fully in the Prophets and Companions dramatically in the discussion of these prophets.
And students of religious moral values it finds in the two directions, the values of the first major general, includes in its meaning and applications of many of the partial values,
Great Values
First: Human Dignity
A - How do you see God’s rights?
The Almighty God created man in the best stature and generosity of the sons of Adam is very honor and virtue to all other creatures and derided them what on earth and in heaven, and make them successors in the earth, we see that in the verse: "We have honored the sons of Adam and carried them on land and at sea, and We have given them for sustenance things good and pure; many of those who created favorable … "[10] and all human beings upon the image of the phenomenon and content observed demonstrates the sincerity of saying the Almighty, man of all other creatures who owns the tools and ideas that enabled him to building land, sovereignty, and in the verse a clear signal that the recognition of the human person the general meaning of the word, and thus God the Almighty honored the sons of Adam, all independently of their color or their race or their parents by alliance, and livelihood of a good living and virtue on the lot, creating a markedly high preference, and it Every way that seems human it is a fantastic stand-alone God says: "We created man in the best calendar "[11] , says: "and made your shapes beautiful: and sustenance of good things"[12], and acknowledged his sovereignty, saying the Almighty: "And if thy Lord said to the angels: I am creating a mortal out of clay from the guard elderly * When I have breathed into him of My spirit, then fall down before him prostrate "[13].
He said Jesus in the Gospel of John: "Now the Son of Man glorified and glorify God. If God is glorified in him, God will find it in himself, and glorify him immediately"[14]
B - the human soul Badi-making God, save and care
What is meant by the Spirit which is intended for stand-alone IGAD and training in conservation and care, God sanctifies the spirit creatures, in any organism, we see that in the words of the Apostle, "A woman entered Hell locked in a cat, not feeding, not leaving it to eat from the vermin of the earth"[15 ], this is the soul of the animal prohibit words or and deserves all the attention in isolation from the nature of the beast and sex, has narrated that peace be upon him: "While a man walking hardened by thirst, went down a well to drink, and then out if the dog panting eat the rest of the intensity of thirst, he said: I was like this that hit me, went down the well and filled with light and watered the dog Vkfr God to him and forgive him, they said, O Messenger of God: but to us in the cattle-paid, he said, peace be upon him: in all liver wet pay "[16], the spirit was animals have excerpts of holiness and the large role in determining the fate of the person or the fire, how the human spirit.
And proceeded to Islam to find that spirit and composition of the marriage, breeding and reproduction to ensure human survival, and secure human existence from the purest way and the best means and the continuation of the human race right to the fullest and I would prefer and well done, and then deprived of adultery and other kinds of Alinkahat corrupt ballots that were in ignorance[17].
The right of life, the first fundamental rights and the most important of the rights of conservation of self is the first right of man, and after the start of all other rights, and when he was applying the rest of the rights and upon completing the non-existent rights and the right to life is the human right to manifest, but in reality a gift from God the Almighty Creator, the Maker and not for human virtue to be found Each attack him is a crime in the eyes of the heavenly religions.
Has behaved this right the imbalance and the risk in the eras of history and then came the conventions of contemporary stresses the right to life The text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its Article III, which indicates that "Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person" and also provides a document of the OIC for Human Rights in Article II : A: the right to life is guaranteed for everyone and on individuals, communities and nations to protect this right of every attack him, b: is not permissible to resort to the means conducive to the destruction of the human species in whole or in part "[18]
The text of the Islamic Declaration of Human Rights in Tehran on the right form of Islamic and said: "Life is a gift of God, which is guaranteed to every human being on individuals, communities and States to protect this right of each attack may not be appropriate, without loss of the spirit initiated"[19]
The right to life in Islam is a sacred right and respectable in the eyes of Islamic law and you must save, nurturing, and confirmed not to abuse her, and praised the Almighty for the righteous who are exempted after the killings, and continuously improve, God Almighty said: "Do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, and killed unlawfully has made to his guardian authority is not extravagant in murder, "[20], and also said: "Whoever kills a person without a soul or corruption in the earth as if he killed all mankind, and recited as if he saved all mankind"[21], indicate scripture explicitly that the sanctity of self located itself independently of any add them from the body or the behavior or belief, Muslim and non-Muslims and men and women and children, the elderly and the rich and the poor and the sick and correct all their lives and themselves sacred and protected.
In order to protect the self Islam forbids suicide as an assault on the human psyche, God Almighty says: "Do not kill yourselves"[22], and says the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him: "It is the deterioration of the mountain, killing himself, he is in hell getting worse ever and never, and drank poison and kills himself will be throwing in his hand sipping it in the fire of hell for ever and ever, and killed himself in his Bhdidh Vhdidth Liga in the stomach in the fire of hell for ever and ever "[23].
And, of course, has initiated retribution in the self and the members and wounds to self-protection on the one hand, and keep the best image created by God, the text of the Koran on the wisdom of the storytellers They enjoy the security and good life stable, he says: "you in retribution in the life of my initial understanding of the Fountain of Faith "[24]
Did not overlook the Islamic religion provisions of assistance and leading up to save the soul, and complete preservation of the human self embarking for the construction and permanence of living I’m good, is allowed the good things of the kinds of food and fruits, and care under the auspices of the body completely, and ordered to investigate the benefits and good things, caution and stay away from the injured, to keep the body creature of God remains the best of body image.
II: tolerance
A - Islam’s position on other religions
People of the Book Unitarians
Islam was clear in determining the position of all religions, whether pagan or divine, but Pagan has confronted the denial, resistance, and ridiculing the beliefs and refusal, but he was friendly and positive religions advocating the oneness of God, and acknowledges its role in the guidance and reform, in spite of his criticism of some of the attitudes and perceptions that prevailed between the believers at that stage, there are many verses explain the nature of the dialogue, including: "do not argue people of the book but one that is better"[25], and recognizes the Bible book of nations that invoked it, and asserts that the Koran is a certified him as he was in Arabic to complete the process of unification through history, God says: "It is accepted by the Book of Moses leading the prayer, mercy, and this book is Mossadegh tongue Arabs"[26], and affirms God Almighty, speaking of changes to the followers of Moses, peace be upon him that the Koran has come down to an endorsement of what came before it, the Almighty says: "Say was an enemy to Gabriel he brings to your heart by Allah, confirming what came before it and guidance and glad tidings to the believers "[27], which thus determines sites of convergence and compatibility and enhanced by "those who believe and those who are Jews and Sabaeans and the Christians whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and work righteousness there is no fear, nor shall they grieve"[28].
From these verses clear positive view of the monotheistic religions Judaism, Christianity and the emphasis on justice for its role and recognition, but says: "And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam will not accept it"[29] is meant to Islam is the religion of monotheism at all, the religion of Ibrahim, as indicated by the context of the verse , commentators were unanimous on that[30].
Religious freedom
We have freedom of belief within Islam to all people, and prevent coercion in religion, and decided to religious tolerance with other religions, which does not know history has ever seen, and can be identified within the following trends:
* freedom of belief: Islam does not need a rational adult of non-Muslims to convert to Islam, if he chooses the religion that wants to bear as a result of this choice as stated in the verse: "There is no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah has grasped the the most trustworthy handhold that will never break, and Allah is Hearing, Knowing "[31]
He says, addressing the Prophet peace be upon him: "If thy Lord willed, those on earth, all of them wilt thou then compel people until they are believers * No soul can believe except by the permission of Allah hath set uncleanness upon those who do not understand"[32], and the Almighty said: "It is not You guided, but Allah guides whom He wills "[33], Valhdaip of God, and the work of the apostles and preachers and scholars from beyond merely reporting and advice and reminders, he says: "stated but you are a male I do not manage their affairs"[34]and, therefore, Islam leaves human freedom and choice in the belief, of course, with an indication of the directories and miracles driving to the faith, and to clarify what the united and committed to the Bill from a lifetime of good and hereafter in eternal bliss Almighty says: "Verily this Qur’an guides to that which is straightest, and giveth tidings unto the believers who do good works that they have a great reward"[ 35].
One may raise here the issue of apostasy from Islam, and the attitude of Islam, and it has the view of many scholars that the rule of murder is punishable, in this issue are intertwined several issues beyond the right to difference and freedom, that being the time of the Prophet peace be upon him and his companions is a betrayal of Islam as a community and state, so recruit Abu Bakr to fight the infidels, and apostates in this case Kalmharbin who go out on the state system and Iharbonha, and clearing security and extorting money, has been linked to scholars between their sentences and the provisions of the combatants of the Islamic state, and the apostate sense of individual distress, any convert to Islam and then just about, without hostile to Islam, and without to the detriment of Muslims, has been received by many verses not meted the states to kill him, but only to confirm God’s wrath and curse him[36], and of which says: "It is Ertdd you about his religion and dies as a disbeliever, their works in this world and the Hereafter"[37 ], there is no dispute that departed from the Department of Rights had been his good deeds is outside with him willingly.
* respect houses of worship:
This branch of the freedom of belief and respect for religion chosen by the human, so I left Islam to non-Muslim followers of divine religions practice of worship that are consistent with his faith, and then ordered the maintenance of houses of worship where the practice of rituals, and is forbidden for a Muslim attack on houses of worship or destroying or vandalizing or attack on those who, whether in cases of war and peace, and historical documents in that many in the commandment of the caliphs of the leaders of the conquest and the most important document is the age with the people (Elijah), a Jerusalem[38].
* the financial transaction between Muslims and others:
Decided to Islamic law to non-Muslim who has what for Muslims and it is them, and therefore approved Islam to deal fully with the non-Muslims, and decided to have the same rights and obligations that have been developed for the Muslims, and guaranteed to all citizens in the Dar al-Islam, and has stressed the Prophet peace be upon him warnings about the assault on the the rights of the people of disclosure of the followers of other monotheistic religions in the Hadith: "Do not the injustice of a confederate and Antqs, the cost of overworked, or taking something from him without a readily than I Hajaija the Day of Resurrection and the Messenger of Allah with his finger to his chest Whoever killed a confederate his edema is edema Messenger Allaah has forbidden Paradise Wind and fragrance to be found from a distance of seventy years "[39].
* humane treatment from the Muslim non-Muslims:
Requests Islam is recognized that treats people of all morality and good treatment, good human feelings in righteousness and mercy and benevolence, sociability and care for neighbors and participate feelings of humanitarian righteousness, compassion and charity, which are a daily, personal and sensitive and psychological impact of a large from the treatment of parents idolaters to the charity of the prisoner spending on relatives, and kinship, neighbors and non-Muslims, The Messenger of Allah to visit the people of the book, and recognizes them and improve them and return their patients and warns of trouble they caused, "said Messenger of Allah peace be upon him:" It hurt dhimmi has hurt me, and my ears were hurting God "[40 ], and went on his way and his approach companions dependents, and the rest of the Muslims throughout history.
He knew the tolerance of Islamic history are bright do not know no human has ever seen a counterpart in the ancient and modern, certificates of Orientalists, historians confirm that fair-minded people.
B - Tolerance within the Christian vision
Interested in Christ assimilated the values of love and tolerance in human values which sought to revive it in all his followers, and reinforced by the values found in the depths of the human, not acquired by foreign influences, but also Ihsha inside stems from his love for God and love of God has, so the life of man can live with love God and love of man, "says Jesus" A new commandment I give you that ye love one another. as I have loved you for one another "[41], therefore love is the force that would enable humanity to be responsive to the depths of their conscience, the love of God enables his followers that they understand value of the human and therefore treat him under the theme of tolerance, and then only once practiced by individuals or groups that love the overall Visttion from which to appreciate the value of life, and the relationship between love and tolerance and a clear, Tolerance between man and the other is the response of normal for those who know that God forgave him and have mercy, and even tolerance and mercy of God and forgiveness for His servants is the response of natural tolerance to the people for each other, behavior of God is the epitome of perfection, who is also a moral standard binding, Issa says: "For if ye forgive men their trespasses forgive you also your Father which is in heaven. but do not forgive men their trespasses, not your Father forgive your trespasses "[42], so Tolerance is an obligation on each Abdul loving God, so it is obligatory for him to obey God in a way corresponds to the scale of its work.
Confirms our Lord Jesus on the completeness and magnificence of those whose hearts Thorp love and calling for peace, in saying: "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they bear witness to God, Blessed are the peacemakers, they will, God willing, they claim, Blessed are persecuted for righteousness theirs is the kingdom of heaven, Blessed are you if Stmokm and Adthdokm and slandered you all lie for me, rejoice and be glad that it is a great reward in heaven is how children have been persecuted before you "[43], here’s a glimpse of magnificence tolerance advocated by Jesus, peace be upon him.
This love is not restricted to a closed society against itself, because the Christian religion calls for equality among all human beings, and urges that human dignity and uphold the virtue of transcendence on the abuses, has recommended Jesus his disciples to treat people with all love and tolerance, not only their partners and their brothers and even their enemies, too, said Jesus, peace be upon him: "You have heard that it was said Love your neighbor and hate your enemy. But I say unto you, Love your enemies. Bless those who curse you. do good to those who hate you. and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you. so that you will be sons of your Father which is in heaven. it shines sun on the evil and the good and sends rain on the righteous and wrong. For if you love those who love you what reward you. not even the publicans do so. If ye salute your brethren only, what do you do. not even the publicans do the same. Be ye perfect as your Father in heaven is perfect "[44]
C - co-existence among followers of divine religions
Were not monotheistic religions are separate from each other one day, every prophet but came to complete the march of his predecessors, aiming for is what may be initiated by God since the beginning of the creation and sent the prophets, saith Christ, peace be upon him: "Do not think I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to destroy, but to fulfill "[45], and the Almighty says in the Qur’an: "And before the book of Moses leading the prayer, mercy, and this book is Mossadegh Arab tongue"[46].
However, the political reality surrounding the beginnings of the Islamic call in Yathrib, from alliances to some Jewish tribes with the idolaters require screening of political alliances, the Almighty says, after lining up after tribal Jewish on the side of the polytheists and infidels: "To find the most hostile to those who believe the Jews and who have been involved and to find the nearest in affection to those who believe who say: Christians, however, that their priests and monks, and they are not proud, and if they heard what was revealed to the Prophet, see their eyes overflowing with tears as they realize the right to say: Our Lord books with two witnesses "[47], Chapter here between Judaism and Christianity was not ideologically as it was Anaakasa for the position of the Islamic faith, through the nature of the emerging alliances between Jews and infidels in the excerpts of the spot and the stage.
To illustrate this idea, recall, saying the Almighty: "God does not forbid those who have neither faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loveth, but regard to those who fight you in religion and driven you out of your homes and helped to drive you out to turn your if any of those, They are wrong "[48].
And the historical experience of Islam with the Jews and the Christians have demonstrated that the issue of coexistence between Muslims and people of the book is an issue rooted in reality, Jews and Christians were in the area since the inception of Islam continued to spread until the present day, although they have got problems between Christians and Muslims on the one hand, Jews and Muslims the other hand, for he is casual and emergency may occur between Muslims and Christians themselves themselves and the Jews themselves, as occurs in many societies[49].
However, it is also important to note that a plurality of religious or political in any world is backward must be transformed to immersion in the self lead to the denial of the other, so the violence is a phenomenon, the mouthpiece of the movement of expansion outside the normal range, thus can the elements of excitement that subject to any Movement of exploitation from the outside, the level of excitement that makes an extension of the date in the present and future, which makes the title great solution is cultural awareness, open to political awareness[50].
And co-existence here means intended to keep the Muslim Islamic particularity also maintains a Christian particularity, but they meet on common ground and the word black is an expression of conjugal neighborhood.
I take it that the Islamic experience in the issue of coexistence of the richest human experiences of successful had the rule of Islam this region and many areas in the world at a time when there were Christians and Jews, have noted that Christians and Jews have lived with Islam, a normal life where they have freedom of affiliation, so that did not move Islam in the process of cancellation of this religion or that, did not move in the process of direct pressure on Christians to leave their religion and that Jews should leave their religion, which means that the question of coexistence is not one of the issues that are subject to controversial intellectual theoretical look for rules and conditions, etc., Islam recognizes the people Book as followers Dineen represent the history of the Islamic religion and a holy sites sacred to Islam on the code level through the holy figures in religion, or on the level of the book in the books, which are the books of these religions, so I imagine that the question of coexistence Muslim-Christian, one of the questions that do not pose a problem as he the social significance of the Islamic and Christian, especially if we know that the values of Islamic and Christian, which represents the dynamics of Islam in fact individual and social level fonts ethical meet more fonts Christian morality, and if Muslims and Christians differ in their understanding of God, they do not differ in the oneness and if called Islam the people of the book to the word monotheism, whether stated as the title of both the word, it means that Islam recognizes that Christians and Jews are united united[51].
III: Justice
A - the general concept
Can be defined justice simply it is the opposite of injustice, Vlisaddar just sentence, it should restore the right had robbed by force by an aggressor, and returned to the original owner and, in general, what the judge or governor … etc from the disposal in order to preserve the rights of people, but is in accordance with acts of justice, and called in this case, corrective justice, because the governor had the people of injustice and put things right should be legally or by custom or morals.
When asked someone, he deserves nothing legally or may be obtained, the request is permissible in this case is a fair demand, otherwise it is an aggressor, seeking to injustice.
But if the waiver of the right of him to another person, do is a form of charity (an act morally)[52].
Know some philosophers of Justice that virtue of virtues that must have their rights. In this regard, the Islamic researcher Muhammad Bin Karam bin perspective to what the Greek philosopher famous Aristotle that fairness (natural justice) is a top ranking of the degrees of justice, any stature is higher than the status of Justice legal[53]However, Aristotle believed that justice in two ways are: legality and equality, and thus, any person who contravenes the law or takes what is more deserving of the verse is from the standpoint of Aristotle were unfair and, therefore, the Justice means everything is legal, or equitable or fair.
Also finds Aristotle that the concept of legitimacy broader and more comprehensive than the concept of equality as "Not everything that is illegal is not fair, in spite of all that is not fair it is unlawful" Accordingly, Justice, the concept of legitimacy is the virtue of full, or in other words, that the Justice concept of the above the male is the social virtue.
Aristotle says that "all things lawful fair hand, and one of the word, as lawmakers decide what is legitimate or legal, and we call on the group decisions of legislators, the rules of justice.
In the view of Aristotle that "distributive justice exercised during the distribution of mattresses, revolution and social resources of other viable for distribution, which can be allocated evenly between the members of the community or without equal by the legislator.
The corrective justice are those that bear the principle of corrective in transactions, "transactions, voluntary and involuntary transactions, and corrective justice, but exercised by the judge in the settlement of disputes and imposition of penalties on violators of the law[54].
Value of Justice on the substance of the heavenly religions
Islam
Islam sees that justice is in absolute terms is divine justice established by God through His Prophets, prayers of Allah upon them and peace, and justice is one of the names of Allah and means that God is absolutely perfect, and therefore all acts of God is above in full, and that the rule is fair.
Based, approach to Islam in the value of Justice on the concept of equality among human beings, it does not differentiate between people on grounds of religion or belief, if tried and their demand for justice, all people from Adam and Adam is from dust, and thus enjoined the administration of justice among all people, and to prevent injustice general said God Almighty : "If the interpretation of the meaning even if he is of kin and the covenant of Allah Fulfil ye and Sakm tags so that you may remember"[55], fever, blood and body, property and honor of Muslims and non-Muslims, and is fair, even with enmity and breaking religion, God said: "O ye who believe! Be steadfast God, the martyrs of justice, not hatred of any people seduce you should not avoid justice is nearer to piety and fear Allah: for Allah is Aware of what you know "[56], and also says in the context of the need for justice, even if a rival is rich and the owner of Jah: "O ye who believe! Be as witnesses to God even against yourselves or parents and kin, be he rich or poor, God is not their first follow a passion to be able to deal even after a ~ or suffered, God was an expert of what you do "[57]
Moderation Islamic object in the event object if the adversaries Muslims, both, or one of them was a Muslim, so you do not, including a Muslim in the event tried to Islam, God says: "and dispersed only after knowledge came to them, including a prostitute and not a word that preceded from Lord indefinite settled between them and those who bequeathed to the book after them is in doubt him suspiciously * therefore pray and upright as ordered and do not follow their own lusts and say you believe in what Allah has revealed from the book and ordered to do justice among you, God our Lord and your Lord, to us our deeds and you your work is not an argument between us and you, God brings us to determination "[58]
This justice is the basis of the rule of all Prophets of Allah upon them and peace of God Almighty says in a letter addressed to David, peace be upon him: "Hey David I set thee on earth and so judge between men in truth and follow the passion Vidilk from the path of God those who stray from the path of God for their punishment including severe forgotten the day of reckoning "[59]
And vowed to Allah the Almighty oppressors in the strongest punishment he said: "What friend for the wrong nor any intercessor who"[60] , "said the Almighty:" And those who wronged any turning "[61], and the summit of suffering and abuse that Astmri injustice and was a year of Tama in the people of the country of God says: "as well as taking the Lord when He chastises communities unfair that taking very painful"[62], and warned the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him from injustice and impact: "The injustice will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection"[63], and such peace be upon him to seize other people’s money as one of the types of injustice, showing its consequences in the Hereafter, he said: "It is injustice under an inch of land surrounded by the seven earths"[64], and the Prophet peace be upon him that the consequences are unjust may not be immediate but delayed annihilating what gain even after a while he says peace be upon him: "Allah gives respite to the oppressor, if taken not Ifelth
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